The core requirements of the state for the use of boilers

As a special equipment involving life safety and high risk, the use and management of boilers strictly follow laws, regulations, and technical specifications such as the Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, the Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment, the Technical Regulations for Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection of Boilers (TSG 91-2021), and the Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Boilers (GB 13271-2014). The national requirements for the use of boilers cover the entire process of safety responsibility, registration and inspection, energy conservation and environmental protection, operation and maintenance management, emergency response, etc. The core requirements are as follows:

1、 Implement the main responsibility for safety and improve the management system

1. Clear responsibility subject: The main person in charge of the boiler using unit is fully responsible for the safety of boiler use in the unit. It is necessary to establish and implement a long-term mechanism for the main responsibility of boiler use safety, and support and ensure that safety management personnel perform their duties in accordance with the law.

2. Dedicated personnel management and configuration: Boiler safety directors and a sufficient number of boiler safety officers must be appointed in accordance with the law, and responsible safety officers must be clearly defined for each unit; The safety director and safety officer must possess professional abilities such as familiarity with relevant regulations and standards, identification and prevention of safety risks, and pass training and assessment before they can take up their posts.

3. Improvement of management system: It is necessary to establish a "Boiler Safety Risk Control List", "Boiler Safety Director Responsibilities", "Boiler Safety Officer Code" and other systems, and establish a dynamic management mechanism of "daily control, weekly investigation, and monthly scheduling": the safety officer conducts daily inspections and records, the safety director organizes risk and hidden danger investigations every week, and the main person in charge of the unit listens to work reports and schedules arrangements every month.

2、 Strictly implement the registration and regular inspection system for use

1. Essential registration for use: Before or within 30 days after the boiler is put into use, the user must apply for use registration with the local market supervision and management department and obtain the "Special Equipment Use Registration Certificate" before it can be legally used; Boilers that have not been registered, inspected, or have failed inspection are strictly prohibited from being put into operation.

2. Mandatory Regular Inspection: It is necessary to strictly follow the requirements of safety technical specifications, prepare regular inspection plans, and implement them. In use boilers are generally inspected externally once a year and internally every two years (subject to adjustment in special circumstances and approval by regulatory authorities); The safety valves, pressure gauges, and other safety accessories of the boiler also need to be regularly calibrated to ensure sensitivity and reliability.

3. Archive management standards: Boiler safety officers need to establish and improve boiler safety technical archives, including usage registration certificates, design documents, manufacturing materials, installation, renovation, and repair records, regular inspection reports, daily inspection records, fault handling records, etc., to ensure that the archives are complete and archived for long-term reference.

3、 Strengthen energy conservation and environmental protection management to meet emission and energy efficiency requirements

1. Prohibit the use of obsolete equipment: boilers that do not meet energy-saving and environmental protection requirements and are explicitly phased out by the state shall not be used. Encourage the use of new materials, technologies, and processes to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions.

2. Energy Efficiency Index Compliance: Boiler use must meet the energy efficiency requirements of the "Technical Regulations for Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection of Boilers" (TSG 91-2021), including core indicators such as thermal efficiency at rated load, exhaust gas temperature, and excess air coefficient. For example, the exhaust temperature of hot water boilers and steam boilers under rated load shall not exceed 170 ℃, and the excess air coefficient of layer fired boilers shall not exceed 1.65.

3. Compliance with pollutant emissions: Strictly implement the "Boiler Air Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2014), and comply with the corresponding emission limits for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury and its compounds based on the type of boiler (coal-fired, fuel oil, gas), construction period (new construction, in use), and location (key areas, general areas). Among them, stricter special emission limits are implemented in key areas. Steam boilers with a capacity of 20t/h or more and hot water boilers with a capacity of 14MW or more must be equipped with automatic monitoring equipment for pollutant emissions and connected to the environmental protection department.

4. Energy saving operation management: Reasonably match boiler load with production demand to avoid low load and inefficient operation; Strengthen the insulation maintenance of furnace body, flue gas duct, and thermal pipeline to reduce heat loss; Ensure proper water quality treatment to prevent boiler scaling from affecting heat transfer efficiency.

4、 Standardize daily operation and maintenance operations to prevent security risks

1. Qualifications of operators: Boiler operators (including stokers, water treatment personnel, etc.) must obtain the corresponding special equipment operator qualification certificate and work with the certificate; The user unit shall regularly provide safety education and technical training to the operators, and strictly prohibit illegal operations.

2. Daily inspection and maintenance: Conduct daily inspections on the combustion status, water level, pressure, temperature, and operation status of safety accessories of the boiler, and promptly correct any illegal operations; Regularly clean the furnace and flue ash accumulation, inspect key components such as burners and circulation systems to ensure the normal operation of equipment. During the shutdown (standby) period of the boiler, it is necessary to carry out anti-corrosion and other shutdown maintenance work.

3. Fuel and water quality management: Use fuel that meets design requirements to avoid incomplete combustion, equipment damage, or excessive pollutant emissions caused by fuel mismatch; Strictly follow the standards for water quality treatment, control the water quality indicators of feedwater and boiler water, and prevent boiler corrosion, scaling, and steam water co distillation.

5、 Improve emergency management and standardize accident handling

1. Emergency plan and drill: Boiler users need to develop a special emergency plan for boiler accidents, clarify the emergency organization structure, emergency response process, disposal measures, etc; Regularly organize emergency drills to enhance the ability of operators to respond to sudden accidents (such as overpressure, water shortage, engine shutdown, leakage, etc.).

2. Accident reporting and handling: In the event of a boiler safety accident, the use of the boiler must be immediately stopped, emergency plans must be activated, and measures must be taken to prevent the accident from escalating; Report to the local market supervision and management department and relevant departments in a timely manner according to regulations, and shall not delay, omit or conceal information; Cooperate with relevant departments to carry out accident investigation and follow-up work.

6、 Accept supervision and inspection, cooperate with regulatory work

Boiler users are required to actively accept supervision and inspection from market supervision and management departments, ecological environment departments, etc., and truthfully provide relevant materials such as boiler usage registration information, safety technical files, operation records, inspection reports, etc; Any safety hazards or violations discovered during inspections must be promptly rectified and implemented to ensure that boiler usage complies with national regulations and standards.